[Small-cell laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma. A case report and review of literature]. / Carcinoma neuroendocrino de células pequeñas localizadas en la laringe. Presentación de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura.

A case of small-cell carcinoma of larynx was diagnosed in a 48-year-old man. This is an unusual laryngeal carcinoma (the incidence is lower than 1% of all carcinomata in this location). We analyzed some clinical and histopathological aspects of these carcinomata and some prognostic and therapeutic factors. A bibliographic review was made.

Absceso retrofaríngeo: a propósito de dos casos / Retropharyngeal abcess: a report of two cases

El absceso retrofaríngeo es una entidad poco frecuente, que ha disminuido con el desarrollo de los antibióticos. Sin embargo por su gravedad son cuadros que han de ser sospechados para instaurar tratamiento precoz. La etiología de estos procesos es distinta en ni . nos y en adultos, también son diferentes los síntomas de presentación de la enfermedad en estos dos grupos. Al diagnóstico se llega mediante una radiografía lateral cervical y sólo en pocas ocasiones es necesaria la TC. El tratamiento consiste en el drenaje de la colección. Se presentan dos casos de absceso retrofaríngeo, el primero en un niño, como consecuencia de una infección del anillo sintético de Waldeyer, y el segundo en un adulto como consecuencia de un traumatismo por cuerpo extraño (AU)

Retropharyngeal abscesses are uncommon and their frequency has decreased since the development of antibiotics. It is important to recognize this serious condition in order to begin treatment promptly. The causes of these processes differ in children and adults, as do the symptoms of presentation. Lateral cervical radiography and CT are diagnostic in only a few cases. Treatment is abscess drainage. Two cases of retropharyngeal abscess are reported. The first case occurred in a child and was due to infection of Waldeyer's lymphatic ring. The second occurred in an adult as a result of foreign body trauma (AU)

[Retropharyngeal abscess: report of 2 cases]. / Absceso retrofaríngeo: a propósito de dos casos.

Retropharyngeal abscesses are uncommon and their frequency has decreased since the development of antibiotics. It is important to recognize this serious condition in order to begin treatment promptly. The causes of these processes differ in children and adults, as do the symptoms of presentation. Lateral cervical radiography and CT are diagnostic in only a few cases. Treatment is abscess drainage. Two cases of retropharyngeal abscess are reported. The first case occurred in a child and was due to infection of Waldeyer's lymphatic ring. The second occurred in an adult as a result of foreign body trauma.

[Carcinoma of the nasopharynx, radiotherapy, otitis, labyrinthitis, inflammation of the petrous bone, meningitis]. / Cáncer de cávum, radioterapia, otitis, laberintitis, petrositis, meningitis.

Endocranial complications of otitis show new etiopathogenic possibilities. We have accomplished an analysis of this issue after one of these cases. A female patient with a nasopharyngeal carcinoma developed an otogenous meningitis. Radiotherapeutic management was followed by osteoradionecrosis of cranial basis, local hypoimmunity favorized the reported course: middle otitis, labyrinthitis, petrositis and meningitis. Comments on pathogenetic, clinic and therapeutical peculiarities of this case.

[Anatomic considerations in relation to the importance of the external branch of the spinal nerve in surgery on the posterior cervical triangle]. / Consideraciones anatómicas sobre la importancia de la rama externa del nervio espinal en la cirugía del triángulo posterior del cuello.

The integrity of the spinal accessory nerve plays an important role in cervicofacial surgery since the majority of surgical approaches involve this structure. The resection of the spinal accessory nerve leads to the so-called <> mainly due to the denervation of the trapezius. This syndrome is characterised by the onset of regional pain, functional deficit and deformation of the shoulder joint. The anatomy of the accessory nerve is defined in the light of 93 functional neck dissections with particular regard to the following aspects: its relation with the internal jugular vein, its relation with the sternocleidomastoid muscle (ECM) and mastoid tip and its anastomoses with the cervical plexus.

[Hypoacusis and diabetes type II]. / Hipoacusia en diabetes mellitus tipo II.

The relation between diabetes mellitus and hypoacusis is discussed since Jordao, who firstly pointed out to this association in 1854. The disparity of results according several studies are due, after other AA., to the heterogeneous of groups considered. Our study was done resorting to a patients selection and their classification in 2 homogeneous groups following different parameters: age; sex; years of course; verified angiopathic complications: peripheric vasculopathy, microalbuminuria, altered creatinine clearance; malady control: glycosylated hemoglobin. The task consisted in the study of audiometric tracings in 40 patients in order to verify statistic differences of auditive thresholds between the established groups. These courses corresponding to a sensorineural hearing loss with a deep in high tones. But no significatively worse thresholds in patients suffering other angiopathic disorders were detected.

[Diabetic complications and hypoacusia]. / Complicaciones diabéticas e hipoacusia.

The relationship between diabetes mellitus and hypacusia has been discussed since the work of Jordao, in 1857. Numerous authors are openly pro this viewpoint, whereas other deny it. The hypoacusis is typically bilateral, progressive and of neurosensory nature, affecting the higher frequencies. In the etiologic aspect some authors bet for an angiopathic origin, but others suppose a neuropathic cause. We have achieved a comparative study with the aim to get some conclusions that could enlighten this field. Forty patients with diabetes mellitus type II were audiometrically examinees (at threshold and with supraliminar tests) and the results compared with those of a control group. We also assessed several complications of the disease and their possible report with the auditive impairment (retinopathy and neuropathy). We found out a sensorineural, bilateral and symmetrical hearing impairment. Employing the Man Whitney's U test we compare distinct groups and explain the gained outcomes. Bibliographic review of authors defending the vascular or the nervous starting point.

[Review of epiglottitis]. / Revisión de epiglotitis.

Seven cases of acute epiglottitis in children (mean age 38 months) are reported. The major clinical features are described. The review of the literature on current diagnosis and treatment underlined the value of early orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation when this serious condition is suspected.